PENGATURAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA MELALUI BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA

Abstract

Pemberdayaan masyarakat desa dilakukan salah satunya oleh Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) sebagai pemanfaatan hasil usaha BUMDes untuk mewujudkan kemandirian desa dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan warganya. Dalam pelaksanaannya BUMDes tidak selalu berhasil mencapai tujuan tersebut. Kajian ini hendak menganalisa pengaturan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa oleh BUMDes dan pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa oleh BUMDes di Kabupaten Malang dan Kabupaten Berau, serta solusi atas permasalahan tersebut. Analisa permasalahan menggunakan Teori Hukum Progresif yang dikemukakan oleh Satjipto Rahardjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa diatur dalam UU Desa sebagai salah satu kewenangan desa berdasarkan prakarsa masyarakat, hak asal usul, dan adat istiadat desa, serta diatur lebih lanjut dalam PP Nomor 47 Tahun 2015. Namun, tidak ada pengaturan secara detil mengenai pemberdayaan masyarakat desa melalui BUMDes. Dalam hal ini desa diberikan kesempatan untuk menentukan program dan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa sesuai prioritas kebutuhan masyarakat desa berdasarkan prakarsa masyarakat, hak asal usul, dan adat istiadat desa. Dalam implementasinya, sebagian BUMDes atau Badan Usaha Milik Kampung (BUMK) di Kabupaten Malang dan Kabupaten Berau berhasil memberdayakan masyarakat desa dengan cara menciptakan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat desa dan pemasukan bagi Pendapatan Asli Desa. Permasalahan yang dihadapi antara lain, sumber daya manusia yang kurang memahami substansi UU Desa, unit usaha tidak berkembang, dan sarana prasarana belum mendukung. Dalam hal ini perlu dilakukan sosialisasi atau bimbingan teknis bagi warga desa atau kampung berkaitan dengan substansi dari UU Desa, pemetaan terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat desa, studi banding dengan BUMDes atau BUMK lainnya; dan percepatan penyediaan sarana prasarana yang mendukung pengembangan BUMDes atau BUMK.

Abstract
Empowerment of the village communities is done one of them by the Village-Owned Legal Entity (BUMDes) as the utilization of the business benefit of the BUMDes to achieve the village independence and improve the welfare of its citizens. In its implementation, BUMDes does not always succeed in achieving this goal. This study would like to analyze the regulation of the village community empowerment by the BUMDes and the implementation of village community empowerment by BUMDes in Malang Regency and Berau Regency, as well as to give the solutions to these problems. This analysis use the Progressive Legal Theory proposed by Satjipto Rahardjo. The results of the study show that village community empowerment is regulated in the Village Law as one of the village authorities based on community initiatives, origin rights, and village customs, and further regulated in Government Regulation Number 47 of 2015. However, there are no detailed arrangements regarding village community empowerment through BUMDes. In this case the village was given the opportunity to determine the village community empowerment programs and activities in accordance with the needs of the village community based on community initiatives, origin rights, and village customs. In its implementation, some BUMDes or BUMK in Malang Regency and Berau Regency have succeeded in empowering rural communities by creating employment opportunities for rural communities and income for Village Original Income. The problems faced include, human resources that do not understand the substance of the Village Law, business units do not develop, and infrastructure does not yet support. In this case, it is necessary to conduct socialization or technical guidance for villagers or villages related to the substance of the Village Law, mapping the needs of the village community, comparative studies with other BUMDes or BUMK; and accelerating the provision of infrastructure that supports the development of BUMDes or BUMK.