Analisis Kointegrasi Keterbukaan Perdagangan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

Sri Amanda Fitriani, Dedi Budiman Hakim, Widyastutik Widyastutik
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Abstract

The flow of globalization is a problem for almost all states in the world. Every country is currently conducting trade openness to support domestic needs and encourage economic growth. The trend of Indonesia’s trade openness ratio which tends to decrease, it has not trend with Indonesia’s economic growth. This study aims to analyze the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Indonesia, both in the short and long term, using various trade openness indicators. The type of research data is secondary data in an annual time series from 1980 to 2019. The method used in this study is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). All trade openness measure (exports plus imports, exports, and imports) used in this study show a positive and significant relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Indonesia over the long term but a negative relationship in the short term. For a long term, there has been a negative relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in Indonesia; however, there is a positive relationship in the short term. Human capital has a long term positive relationship with economic growth in Indonesia, but it is not significant in the short term. This study suggests a need for an increase in trade performance in a short term by reviving the real domestic market, increasing monitoring and cooperation from all stakeholders involved in supporting FDI, and providing easy access for people who are less able to pursue higher education.

Keywords: trade openness, economic growth, ARDL

Abstrak

Arus globalisasi menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi hampir seluruh negara di dunia. Setiap negara saat ini melakukan keterbukaan perdagangan untuk menunjang kebutuhan domestik dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pergerakan rasio keterbukaan perdagangan Indonesia cenderung menurun dan rendah, tidak sejalan dengan pertumbuhan ekonominya. Studi empiris menganalisis hubungan keterbukaan perdagangan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia yang telah dilakukan memiliki hasil penelitian yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan keterbukaan perdagangan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang berdasarkan beberapa indikator keterbukaan perdagangan. Jenis data penelitian adalah data sekunder dalam deret waktu tahunan (time series) dari tahun 1980-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara keterbukaan perdagangan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dalam jangka panjang tetapi negatif dalam jangka pendek dari seluruh indikator keterbukaan perdagangan yang digunakan (ekspor ditambah impor dibagi PDB, ekspor dibagi PDB, dan impor dibagi PDB). Dalam jangka panjang terdapat hubungan yang negatif antara Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, sedangkan dalam jangka pendek terdapat hubungan positif. Untuk modal manusia memiliki hubungan positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dalam jangka panjang, tetapi tidak signifikan dalam jangka pendek. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini, perlu adanya peningkatan kinerja perdagangan dalam jangka pendek dengan menghidupkan sektor riil dalam negeri, peningkatan pengawasan serta kerja sama dari seluruh stakeholders yang terkait dalam mendukung FDI, dan memberikan kemudahan akses bagi masyarakat kurang mampu untuk menempuh pendidikan tinggi.

Kata kunci: keterbukaan perdagangan, pertumbuhan ekonomi, ARDL

Keywords

trade openness; economic growth; ARDL; keterbukaan perdagangan; pertumbuhan ekonomi

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References

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